The 9/11 Commission was established in late 2002 and did which of the following?

• A. Investigated the events of 9/11
• B. Proposed centralized oversight of 15 U.S. intelligence agencies
• C. Alleged that Clinton and Bush administrations failed to grasp seriousness
• D. All of the above

Answer: (D)

Understanding what the 9/11 Commission did requires recognizing its twofold mission: to examine the events of 9/11 and to recommend reforms. Established in late 2002, the Commission conducted a thorough inquiry into the attacks and the government’s response, including shortcomings in the intelligence and security system. A major reform idea it put forward was centralized oversight of the U.S. intelligence community, advocating for a single director to oversee roughly 15 agencies, a change that ultimately influenced later reforms. The report also looked at the actions of both the Clinton and Bush administrations, noting missed opportunities and a failure to fully grasp the seriousness of the threat, as well as problems with information sharing. Because it encompasses investigation, reform recommendations, and accountability for past administrations, All of the above is the best answer.